Synopsis
Traditionally the University Campus has been the focus of free speech and of protest, seen since Vietnam and through various conflicts through the years.
The student populations picked up on the disproportionate massacre in Gaza from an early date in full knowledge of the prior history - later validated as a plausible genocide in the ICJ with a separate hearing with multiple countries testifying the history of occupation in Palestine and the impacts.
In the months following October 7th multiple academics were targeted by senior institutional figures to shut down free speech and remove senior academics.
There was actually a Congressional Hearing early December - recalling past McCarthy anti-Communist hearings - the result of which was the removal of at least two University Deans with many more on notice.
These hearings and further campus crackdowns on contrived “antisemitism” have continued - paradoxically as the situation in Gaza has worsened exposing Israel’s unconscionable behaviour on the ground.
This article reviews situation in US Academia and the broader implications.
‼️Note: Article regularly updated - see version history below
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This reflects the addition of new information as it comes to light and is intended to keep the article relevant, up to date and more importantly a comprehensive reference with quoted public sources for pro-Palestine advocates to build on.
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‼️Version History:
Article updated: Tue 21 Aug 2024 (Sleekit Scotsman ☮️🏴 articles are updated periodically to add latest information on the subject of the article for relevance)
21 Aug 2024:
Columbia President Shafik Minouche resigns: Update: 21st August 2024: Columbia President Shafik resigns
Billionaire’s directly encouraged Mayor of New York to use force against Columbia students: Pro-Israel billionaire businessmen’s direct intervention pressuring NYC Mayor to use force on Columbia Protesters
Same group - privately financed pro-Israeli media saturation: Billionaire’s pro-Israeli media saturation
Contents
December Congressional Hearings on Ivy League Campus Antisemitism
April Congressional Hearings: “Columbia in Crisis - Columbia University's Response to Antisemitism”
EPILOGUE: 🇦🇺 Australia - Sydney University Solidarity Encampment for Gaza
Introduction
Traditionally the University Campus has been the focus of free speech and of protest, seen since Vietnam and through various conflicts through the years.
The student populations picked up on the disproportionate massacre in Gaza from an early date in full knowledge of the prior history - later validated as a plausible genocide in the ICJ with a separate hearing with multiple countries testifying the history of occupation in Palestine and the impacts.
In the months following October 7th multiple academics were targeted by senior institutional figures to shut down free speech and remove senior academics.
There have been rounds of Congressional Hearings on antisemitism in Campus - recalling past McCarthy anti-communist hearings. At least two University Presidents have been removed with many more on notice.
This article examines the events, vested interest and impacts of the unprecedented attacks on freedom of speech is supposedly liberal institutions.
IMPACTS ON THE CAMPUS
Early repercussions of Protest
Early in the crisis, protests against Israel’s brutality broke out globally on Unversity campuses.
The immediate response to criticism of Israel and support of Palestine were accusations of antisemitism and steps to shut down at the most senior levels.
We have seen a response of:
Leveraging senior positions of pro-Israeli supporters in key institutions - typically Board seats or Academic positions (with action taken against members of key institutions by Board Members)
Leveraging funding: Threatened removal of funding of key institutions by pro-Israeli wealthy donators should policies go against Israeli State policy
Example Repercussions:
Harvard University students - law firm places rescinded after participating in pro-Palestine protests. 3 Harvard Students had their law firm Davis, Polk & Wardell job offers rescinded for signing a letter proposing support for Palestine (admittedly sounds clumsily worded blaming Israel for 7 October attacks) as “a direct contravention of our firm’s value system”1.
Benefactor donations - billionaire benefactors withdrawing scholarships and other donations in the face of pro-Palestine protests:
Harvard and Pen2
Columbia - Jewish Billionaire Henry Swieca resigned from Columbia Business School Board3
Columbia - Jewish Billionaire and owner of the New England Patriots Robert Kraft pulled funding Tuesday 23 April4. Notably Kraft is staunchly pro-Israeli and over the years has sponsored multiple trips to Israel and set up and sponsors sporting teams in the country5.
University of California Ethnic Studies Faculty: 16 Oct In response to UC Board statements supporting Israel early in the conflict without acknowledging the context, the Ethnic Studies Faculty wrote a letter to the Board on Oct 166 discussing the context of the Gaza crisis and calling for the University to take a more balanced approach. Jay Sures (also on the Board of Susan Sarandon’s Agency that dropped her) wrote his own strongly worded letter on 31 Oct7 (when the death toll in Gaza must have been rising significantly) disputing the assertions in the Ethnic Council letter, not once acknowledging prior history and demanding a retraction indicating further action.
Columbia University: A Case in Silencing Free Speech
Columbia University in New York State has been particularly “problematic” for the pro-Israeli lobby who have cracked down hard on such a flagship institution.
Pro-Palestinian Protestors - Publicly Doxxed Oct 2023 and ongoing
A truck was driven around Columbia University with giant digital billboards on all sides publicly naming protestors as antisemites. The group behind the truck was right-wing media group Accuracy in Media8. As at Feb 2024 the truck has returned to campus and there is also a website. This may be modelled on StopAntisemitism.org which outs antisemite of the week/year - nominating Congresswoman Rashida Tlaib as antisemite of the year - for standing up for human values in Congress.
University: Secretly removing right of appeal for protest bans without consultation or announcement - Oct 2023
In the face of student counter protests on campus against Israel’s developing genocide in Gaza mid-October the University administrators led by Senior Vice President Gerald M. Rosburg met in secret to change the university disciplinary policy9.
They changed the policy in October, handing themselves “sole discretion” to determine “final and not appealable” sanctions against protesting student groups and their individual members.
This was done in secret, without any consultation of the University Senate and only came out in later action against a student group10.
Banning Student Groups - November 2023
Student Groups Jewish Voices for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine were suspended for allegedly violating school policies11.
When the groups tried to appeal - the University quoted their internal procedures as above changed 17 days earlier without consultation or announcement - to reject this usual avenue.
These specific groups were called out by Anti-Defamation League CEO Jonathan Greenblatt in an allegedly leaked recording after October 7th as:
“…groups that we’ve long tracked who’ve long been problematic like Students For Justice in Palestine and Jewish Voices For Peace…”
The same recording also noted that TikTok was the biggest problem for them and a channel for pro-Palestine speech direct to the youth and student segment.
A Bill banning TikTok was rapidly passed in the House on March 16th 2024. It is going to committee stage before implementation.
One of the banned groups Columbia Students for Justice in Palestine had confronted the head of the disciplinary group Rosburg in June of that year asking him “if he thought Palestinians were human” which though under pressure he was unable to answer12.
University: Announces Antisemitism Task Force
The President announced a new dedicated antisemitism task force in December 202313 issuing it’s first report in March 2024.
Pro-Palestine Students Attacked - January 2024
In Jan 2024 protesting pro-Palestine students were sprayed with a chemical resulting in nausea and abdominal pains resulting in the hospitalisation of eight students14.
There have been no arrests and university staff allegedly took four days to reach out to impacted students to check their welfare.
University: Updates Protest Policy - Feb 2024
The University then updated its protest policy to15:
restrict protests in prominent areas of the South Lawn and Sundial from Noon to 6pm on weekdays
prohibiting student groups and their individual members from advertising demonstrations before they are approved
new disciplinary route for protestors - through a non-transparent disciplinary board
The Interim University Policy for Safe Demonstrations was published on the University website late Feb16.
Pro-Palestine Students Suspended and Private Investigators Hired by University - April 2024
On March 2024 an event was held protesting the war Resistance 101 Event. Students organising the event were evicted from student housing where the event took place and private investigators hired17.
This is the first time the University had ever gone to the length of hiring private investigators, former police investigators, who allegedly harassed the students demanding to see private messages.
University President: Congressional Hearing - April 17 2024
Columbia University President Dr. Minoche Shafik was given a grilling by a Congressional Hearing on antisemitism in campus, modelled off the December hearings resulting in the resignation of two Presidents. More on this below.
Protest against Columbia University Israeli Investments: NYPD riot squad brought in 100 arrests - April 19 2024
Also on April 17 students protested Columbia University’s continued investment in Israeli companies profiting from apartheid, genocide and the occupation. They formed a tented community on the South Lawn.
The day after the Congressional Hearings they received a warning from the President that they were in breach of the newly updated protest laws and would move or face action.
The following day the President called in the NYPD to remove the protestors citing “clear and present danger”.
Over 100 students were arrested and their tents destroyed.
As to danger - to quote the NYPD Chief of Patrol:
the “clear and present danger” was identified by the university, adding: “To put this in perspective, the students that were arrested were peaceful, offered no resistance whatsoever, and were saying what they wanted to say in a peaceful manner”
To support the students the Columbia and Barnard chapters of the American Association of University Professors have issued a joint statement condemning Columbia president Minouche Shafik’s crackdowns on student-led pro-Palestinian protests18.
The University said it was continuing to investigate other students involved with a view to suspensions. It prosecuted one of those suspensions a few days later of a student Isra Hirsi who had never been involved in disciplinary action before after 3 years at the University.
That student was Representative Ilhan Omar’s daughter19.
Pro-Israel billionaire businessmen’s direct intervention pressuring NYC Mayor to use force on Columbia Protesters
In a shocking twist The Washington Post revealed that a group of prominent billionaire businessmen involved in promoting pro-Israeli sentiment on the war on Gaza directly pressured the NYC Mayor to intervene and send police into Columbia to disperse protestors.20
Let that sink in. Conspiracy theory? You couldn’t make this up.
Billionaires included:
Daniel Lubetzky - founder Kind Snacks
Daniel Loeb - Hedge Fund Manager
Len Blavatnik - billionire
Joseph Sitt - real estate investor (founder retail chain Ashley Stewart and global real estate company Thor Equities)
They held a private Zoom call on April 26th with NY Mayor Eric Adams a week after the intervention ordered by Minouche. In WhatsApp messages reporting the call:
discussed political donations to Adams
how the chat group’s members could pressure Columbia’s president and trustees to permit the mayor to send police to the campus to handle protesters
offered to pay for private investigators to assist New York police in handling the protests, the chat log shows — an offer a member of the group reported in the chat that Adams accepted
Others in the WhatsApp group in the chats following the call included:
Howard Schultz - Starbucks CEO
Michael Dell - Dell CEO
Bill Ackman - Hedge Fund manager
Joshua Kushner - Thrive Capital founder (brother Jared Kushner, Trump’s son-in-law)
Yakir Gabay - Cypriot-Israeli real-estate mogul
This group was created on Oct 12 by a staffer of real-estate billionaire Barry Sternlicht to “change the narrative on Israel”.
Other activities members participated in and shared with the group:
Israeli Government private briefings - Benny Gantz member of the Israeli War Cabinet, Israel’s Ambassador to the US Michael Herzog
Private briefing with former Israeli prime minister Naftali Bennett
Working with Israeli Government to screen IDF Film on Oct 7 in New York
Organisation of mass-finding pulls amongst other pro-Israeli financiers from Colleges - organised by Marc Rowan of Apollo Capital21
Further pro-Israeli media saturation (see below)
When the Deputy Mayor of New York Fabian Levy was asked about the group and messages - indisputably confirmed by chat group members themselves - he said:
“The insinuation that Jewish donors secretly plotted to influence government operations is an all too familiar antisemitic trope that the Washington Post should be ashamed to ask about, let alone normalize in print."
Four days after the chat the police attended Columbia and brutalised the protestors.
Is it still a “trope” when there’s evidence?
Billionaire’s pro-Israeli Media Saturation
Members of the same group were involved in a pro-Israeli media saturation campaign.
In November the group founder Barry Sternlicht was reported to have started a $50M media campaign on behalf of Israel to shape US Public Opinion on the war on Gaza.22
Zionist Campus Organisations
There are well funded and resourced campus organisations dedicated to countering anti-Israel protest, spreading Israeli propaganda and more recently aggressively countering pro-Palestine protests.
Macabee Task Force
The Macabee Task Force (MTF) is funded by the Adelson Foundation the family fund of Israeli billionaire Miriam Adelson to “strengthen the State of Israel”. Adelson funded Trump’s 2016 presidency to the tune of $424M and is funding his 2024 run also. MTF received direct funding from Adelson of $11M in 202223.
Adelson has recently said:
“If you condemn Hamas and then add a “but” followed by condemnation of Israel, you’re dead to us”
and calling for
“…we must disavow and shame them, deny them employment and public office, defund their colleges and political parties…”
A fairly clear direction for Macabee funded organisations. These are worldwide - and provide grants to other organisation for example funding the Australasian Jewish Union of Students with $250,000 in 2022.
Stand With Us
Stand With Us (SWU) is a pro-Israeli, pro-Settlements campus action group, with right-wing views and an informing, escalation and legislative approach to operation.
Ideologically they partner with Christians United for Israel led by an extreme right wing racist, homophobic, pro-settler German Cardinal John Hagee24.
SWU focuses on training student pro-Israel advocates to call out facts contrary to Israeli narrative - positioned as “antisemitism”. Various programs are funded including the flagship Emerson Training Program for pro-Israeli campus activists in Los Angeles. Indicating the global reach the recently inaugurated Australian Stand with Us organisation has just sent the first batch of campus activists25.
SWU is strongly pro-settlements referring to “disputed” rather than occupied territories, and referring to them as “Judea and Samaria”. Some of the campus activist “training materials” produced by the group are revealing and tasteless- Oct 7th booklet together with “no way to treat a child” on Palestinian child soldiers:
Some quotes from the materials:
“disputed territories v occupied territories” - drawing into question the status, internationally recognised
“Judea and Samaria” rather than west bank
“in Israel all citizens are treated equally under law” - trying to explain right to return
“Israel is the opposite of apartheid”
“We do not take political prisoners”
The ideology contained in these booklets is clearly Israeli State Propaganda an indicative of the motivations and ideologies behind the group explaining their interpretation of “antisemitism” and the campaigns taken on campus to counter.
The organisation places emphasis on reporting, escalating and in particular legal action. SWU has a dedicated legal centre with permanent legal staff and a US-wide network of 250 pro-bono lawyers dedicated to pursuing reported action on behalf of students.
It would be challenging to counter this level of organisation centred around a particular ideology - in particular with sympathetic members of Congress passing a motion recently taking a very pro-Israeli position on what it deems (non-legally bindingly - FOR NOW) antisemitic language - “from the river to the sea”.
Is is unclear if the SWU was involved in the Columbia actions but it would be a logical assumption for this to be the case noting multiple “charitable grants” for educational Zionist entities in New York State from their accounts in addition to the extensive access to lawyers by the organisation.
Notably Stand With Us was endorsed Columbia Universities new antisemitism task force first report. They are campaigning for other Universities to use Columbia’s model (described as being specifically to stifle pro-Palestinian speech). The policy is entitled “Best Practices for Anti-Israel Protests on Campus”.26
Hollywood Connection and a Shared Ideology
Indicating the networked nature of organisations - in 2018 Jewish Voices for Peace were investigating the Hollywood Pro-Israeli lobby group the misnamed “Creative Community for Peace” (CCFP). We have seen CCFP pursuing artists in the US and globally - producing open letters and having artists such as Susan Sarandon and Roger Waters cancelled through senior entertainment industry contacts.
Tax records from the Jewish Voices for Peace investigation found that CCFP and Stand With Us were in fact the same organisation27. Indeed the International President of Stand With Us Esther Renzer is the wife of founder of CCFP David Renzer28.
This would also explain the long-standing actions of CCFP under the guise of a “peace” organisation.
IMPACTS FOR ACADEMICS
December Congressional Hearings on Ivy League Campus Antisemitism
On 5th December in the face of multiple campus protests using antisemitic language at Ivy League Universities.
The particular question framed by Republican Congresswoman Elise Stefanik was “does your university code of conduct protect calling for the genocide of Jews?”
However the context in which this was asked was consequential - linking off the chant “globalise the intifada” (which incidentally I have not heard at any Sydney protests) directly linking “intifada” with “genocide” which according to The Guardian is “dubious at best”29.
Arabic word “intifada” translates to “uprising”
In the context of Palestine - the first uprising in 2000 was peaceful, the second from 1990s/2000s was not, with a wave of suicide bombings and violence against civilians
In the context of today’s protests - it’s a global “uprising” or outcry against the disproportionate response of Israel, and the long track record of violations of international law - a global protest similar to that of Vietnam in the 1970s
Stefanik directly linked the violence of the second intifada with genocide and continued to use that wording.
This is NOT the clear legal definition of genocide which will be discussed in South Africa’s genocide accusations in the ICJ this very week. It will be interesting to hear Israel’s response.
To the accusation at the hearing.
The Presidents were asked “in that case would genocide of the Jews be condoned under your Unversity Code of Conduct?”
The implication would have been if a “NO” had been the given answer then it would open up students to censure
support for a ceasefire and criticising Israel; not for using the word “Jews” directly - but implicitly and consequentially linking support for a ceasefire and criticising Israel’s actions with supporting the genocide of Jewish people in Israel from future action by Hamas should a ceasefire be called (an illogical and incorrect argument … but the line the US Government is parroting with Israel - so only a matter of time before it is passed in a non-legally binding Congressional Motion like the linking of anti-Zionism with anti-Semitism)
not directly criticising October 7th; which in my view everyone should of course but some don’t viewing the disproportionate outcome of the Israeli Government response inequitable with the numbers slaughtered on October 7th (regardless of the murderous method) - again I don’t support this, but I understand why someone would be reticent to dwell on the 7th
There were clumsy “legally parsed” answers by the Presidents “depending on circumstance”. They should have been supported by academics in the area able to succinctly note the incorrect assertion and implication of answering a loaded and sensationalist question.
As a result of this;
Pennsylvania State - Elizabeth Gill - the President resigned
Harvard - Claudine Gay, six months into the role, was at first supported, then when further defaming occurred (accusations of plagiarism) resigned and was replaced by an openly pro-Israeli interim-President Alan Garber.
MIT - Sally Kornbluth (who happens to be Jewish) - answered fairly and with less legalese than the other two Presidents; as with Harvard, she was supported by her institution, but to date despite calls for her resignation remains in the role.
This was incredibly badly handled by the Presidents giving evidence in a critical show trial. The very assertion of genocide was the key point that should have been argued and NOT accepted in the following commentary, but they set themself up for abject failure, essentially entrapped as with smearing of antisemitism.
Defaming Academics - Plagiarism
The latest surge is in smearing accusations of plagiarism - resulting in counter claims and investigations of plagiarism by the Boards calling for these.
It’s a mess in US academia right now in defending the rights of free speech.
If the Israel makes it to the end of the year without international sanctions and war crime proceedings and Trump were to get in - with his proposal to allow the military on the streets to quell civil unrest - this would extend to “antisemitic” protest on University Campuses.
Again - back to the initial heavy handed approach to Vietnam protests.
April Congressional Hearings: “Columbia in Crisis - Columbia University's Response to Antisemitism”
The President of Columbia University Dr. Minoche Shafik was brought before a Congressional Hearing challenging her University’s approach to antisemitism which was billed as “Columbia in Crisis: Columbia University's Response to Antisemitism”.30
She was cross-examined by Representative Ilhan Omar, who happens to be one of the three Muslims in Congress and oft subject to racist victimisation for her humanitarian beliefs.
Her testimony is telling - outlining the extraordinary measures that the University has been undertaking since October to crack down on campus measures.
Incredibly - a Republican Senator cross-examined Dr. Minoche Shafik, herself a Muslim Arab, was given a Bible lesson on the criticality of the Israeli people and asked if she wanted God’s Wrath on the University.
“And God said to Abraham if you bless Israel I will bless you, if you curse Israel I will curse you …. Do you want Columbia University to be cursed by God?”
Recap this was in a formal Congressional Hearing. You couldn’t make this up… underlining the Christian Zionist fundamentalist unquestioning support for Israel doubling-down on AIPAC funded support in Congress for non-believers.
Perhaps fearing for her role like the Harvard and Princeton Presidents in December, Shafik took action.
The next day she requested the NYPD attend to remove protestors from the lawn of the University citing a “clear and present danger” later disputed by the Police Chief.
One of the protestors arrested later after investigation was Representative Ilhan Omar’s daughter.
Update: 21st August 2024: Columbia President Shafik resigns
After months of pressure - the lobby finally got their scalp and Shafik resigned.31
Her resignation came a week after three Deans resigned over text messages at an antisemitism meeting in May which cast doubt on the seriousness of antisemitism on campus. The texts were filmed by an audience member behind one of the Deans.32
CONCLUSION: A worrying trend
The furore over campus protests and subsequent actions are very disturbing. It forms a long history of concerns here in the heavy handed approach to shutting down free speech on Israel and ties prior to the 7th.
Universities are a hotbed of ideas - protests, political organisations. Many Universities have research ties with companies laterally found to be involved in human rights violations.
The right to protest, freedom of speech and participation in public discourse on world events in such liberal institutions is important to protect.
The exact opposite has been happening defying logic, and showing hypocrisy - as is the case in many other aspects of civil society and Government.
See articles below covering:
IHRA Definition of Antisemitism impacts in academia: Reports from Europe on the direct impact suppressing and in cases dismissing academics utilising this definition of antisemitism.
Research Links with Israeli military: Protesting military links with Israeli defence companies
EPILOGUE: 🇦🇺 Australia - Sydney University Solidarity Encampment for Gaza
On Tuesday 23rd April 2024 Students for Palestine Sydney Uni in Australia unveiled an encampment in solidarity with Columbia University, marking support for Gaza and demanding an end to Sydney University’s links with weapon manufacturer Elbit. The partnership is via Defence giant Thales with a direct connection via the outgoing Chancellor who was Chairperson of the Board of Thales for many years. See article on this below:
Sydney University Links with Israel Weapons Manufacturers and Israeli Universities complicit in genocide:
Images from the first night of the camp:
Sydney University is my school and I was so proud to see this on campus, feeling that we are building bridges across the world - the politicians in AUKUS countries DO NOT represent the will of the people and certainly not the enlightened student population.
I feel so sorry for the stories from Jewish fellow marchers at the regular Hyde Park protestors in Sydney at their disgust at weaponising the Holocaust, the pro-Israeli lobby appropriating the definition of “antisemitism” as being any criticism of Israel and the fake collectivism that the ingrained “Jewish representative groups” present in Australia claiming to speak for all Jewish people.
The pro-Israeli lobby in all countries try to claim Jewish alternative voices don’t exist as well which is just appalling. See Edie from the Jewish Tdezek Collective giving a wonderful speech early March in Hyde Park:
Finally - couldn’t resist taking a crack at “Comical Levy” the former Israeli Government speaker - full of BS as usual! (Some of us are old enough to remember the Iraqi spokesperson in the 2003 Iraq War - “everything is fine” as the Iraqi Army was literally deserting in droves behind him!).
Solidarity 🇵🇸✊🇦🇺⛺️ - long may this continue.
RELATED ARTICLES
Research Links with Israeli Military (taking University of Sydney):
Annoying the Scotsman: Australian Pro-Israeli Group: Attacks on Australian Student Protestors - verbal and unfortunately starting to see literal:
Jewish Student Organisation co-ordinating monitoring and suppression of Pro-Palestinian speech (see AJSU section of this article):
IHRA Definition of Antisemitism causing issues on campus (see section "European Legal Support Centre: 2023 reports on IHRA Definition used to Suppress Freedom of speech in higher education and right of assembly”):
Other Instiutions:
Arts and Entertainment
US Politics & the UN
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Times of Israel 14 November 2023 - “Jewish progressive groups fume over platforming of controversial pastor at pro-Israel DC rally“ - https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/jewish-progressive-groups-fume-over-platforming-of-controversial-pastor-at-pro-israel-dc-rally/
Stand With US Press Release 10 Mar 2022 “StandWithUs Australia Set to Launch“ - https://www.standwithus.com/post/standwithus-australia-set-to-launch
Stand With Us March 28 2024 - “StandWithUs Urges Universities Nationwide to Adopt Best Practices for Anti-Israel Protests on Campus“ - https://www.standwithus.com/post/standwithus-urges-universities-nationwide-to-adopt-best-practices-for-anti-israel-protests-on-campus
Jewish Voices for Peace Oct 4 2018 “Documents Prove “Creative Community for Peace” is Front for Right Wing Israel Lobby Group “StandWithUs” - https://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/2018/10/04/ccpfisraelilobby/
Stand With Us Donor Stories - “Esther Renzer, Roz & Jerry Rothstein: President, CEO and COO of StandWithUs, Co-Founders of StandWithUs“ - https://www.swuedcenterdonors.org/visionaries
The Guardian 13 Dec 2023 “What’s behind the antisemitism furor over college presidents’ testimony?“ - https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/12/university-president-antisemitism-israel-palestine-explained-harvard-penn
US Congress Committee Hearing Records Apr 17 2024 - ““ - https://www.congress.gov/event/118th-congress/house-event/116973
Columbia Spectator Aug 15 2024 “Columbia President Minouche Shafik resigns amid campus turmoil over war in Gaza“ - https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2024/08/14/shafik-resigns-from-presidency/
The Washington Free Beacon Jun 12 2024 “Columbia Administrators Fire Off Hostile and Dismissive Text Messages, Vomit Emojis During Alumni Reunion Panel on Jewish Life“ - https://freebeacon.com/campus/columbia-administrators-fire-off-hostile-and-dismissive-text-messages-vomit-emojis-during-alumni-reunion-panel-on-jewish-life/